How Freeze-Thaw Cycles Impact Seawalls

Michigan’s harsh winters can take a toll on seawalls, especially due to the freeze-thaw cycles that occur throughout the season. These cycles cause repeated expansion and contraction of materials, leading to cracks, shifting, and overall deterioration. Without proper maintenance, seawalls can weaken over time, making them less effective at preventing shoreline erosion. If you own waterfront property, it’s important to understand how these cycles affect your seawall and what you can do to protect it. Our seawall builders in Michigan specialize in durable erosion control solutions to keep your property safe year-round.

What Is the Freeze-Thaw Cycle?

The freeze-thaw cycle occurs when temperatures fluctuate above and below freezing, causing water to expand and contract. When water seeps into small cracks or porous materials in a seawall and then freezes, it expands, forcing the material apart.

As the ice melts, it leaves behind a weakened structure that becomes more susceptible to further damage. This repeated process can cause significant deterioration over time.

How Freeze-Thaw Cycles Damage Seawalls

Seawalls are designed to act as barriers against waves and erosion, but they are constantly exposed to moisture. In Michigan, where freezing temperatures and fluctuating conditions are common, seawalls are at higher risk of damage.

Here are a few ways freeze-thaw cycles contribute to erosion and structural weakening:

• Cracking and Spalling – The expansion of freezing water can cause cracks to form in concrete and stone seawalls. Over time, this leads to spalling, where surface layers break off, further weakening the structure.
• Soil Erosion Behind the Seawall – If cracks allow water to seep through, it can wash away soil behind the seawall. This creates voids that reduce support and stability, making collapse more likely.
• Shifting and Tilting – Repeated freezing and thawing can cause shifting in the foundation of the seawall, making it lean or bulge outward.
• Joint Separation – In segmented seawalls, freeze-thaw cycles can cause expansion that separates joints, increasing vulnerability to wave pressure.

Ways to Protect Your Seawall from Freeze-Thaw Damage

Taking preventive measures can significantly extend the lifespan of your seawall and minimize erosion-related issues.

Here’s what you can do:

• Seal Cracks and Gaps – Regular inspections can help identify small cracks before they worsen. Sealing these openings prevents water from penetrating the material and freezing inside.
• Improve Drainage – A proper drainage system, such as weep holes or filter fabric, helps manage water flow behind the seawall, reducing pressure and preventing soil loss.
• Add Riprap for Extra Protection – Placing riprap (layered stone) at the base of the seawall absorbs wave energy and reduces direct impact, minimizing erosion.
• Reinforce with Steel or Vinyl Materials – These materials are less porous than concrete and wood, making them more resistant to freeze-thaw damage.
• Schedule Professional Maintenance – An experienced seawall contractor like Waterfront Solutions can assess structural integrity and recommend necessary repairs before winter arrives.

Ensure Long-Lasting Seawall Protection

Seawalls are essential for preventing shoreline erosion, but Michigan’s harsh winters make regular maintenance a necessity. By understanding the impact of freeze-thaw cycles and taking preventive measures, you can extend the life of your seawall and protect your waterfront property. If you need professional inspections, repairs, or a new seawall installation, our seawall builders in Michigan are here to help. Call Waterfront Solutions at (616) 900-8358 or fill out our online contact form to get started.